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Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

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Athletes at High Altitude.

Morteza Khodaee, Heather L Grothe, Jonathan H Seyfert

|February 12, 2016

Summary

Athletes engaging in high-altitude activities face risks of acute high altitude illness (AHAI). While evidence for altitude training benefits is weak, the "live high, train low" strategy may enhance endurance, and acclimatization is key for prevention.

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Environmental Physiology
Altitude Training

Background:

Athletes participate in high-altitude events, increasing risk for acute high altitude illness (AHAI).
Altitude training is commonly believed to enhance athletic performance.
High-altitude sports carry inherent risks for athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the risks and benefits of high-altitude training and competition for athletes.
To assess the evidence for altitude training's impact on athletic performance.
To provide recommendations for injury and illness prevention in high-altitude environments.

Main Methods:

A clinical review of publications from 1980 to 2015.
Searches conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.

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Level 3 evidence was considered.

Main Results:

Acute high altitude illness (AHAI), including AMS, HAPE, and HACE, is uncommon but serious above 2500m.
Athletes may have a higher risk of AHAI due to rapid ascent and exertion.
Evidence for performance enhancement from altitude training is limited; "live high, train low" may be optimal for endurance.
Recreational athletes can generally participate safely but must recognize individual risks.

Conclusions:

Individualized acclimatization is crucial for preventing injury and illness.
Awareness of personal risk factors is important for athletes at high altitudes.