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Related Concept Videos

Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...
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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
Standard Precaution01:26

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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Standard setting in occupational health: "philosophical" issues.

R L Zielhuis1, A A Wibowo

  • 1Coronel Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Industrial Medicine
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study highlights ethical challenges in setting occupational and environmental health standards. Improving toxicology database validity and data transparency is crucial for reliable exposure limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Standard setting for occupational and environmental health involves complex principles and procedures.
  • Discrepancies exist in inter- and intra-agency procedures and criteria for standard setting.
  • Evaluation of toxicology databases and preparation of criteria documents involve critical choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss philosophical issues in standard setting for occupational and environmental health.
  • To examine discrepancies in standard-setting procedures and criteria.
  • To address the need for improved validity of toxicology databases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of general principles in standard setting.
  • Analysis of actual procedures for standard setting.
  • Evaluation of decision-making processes in criteria document preparation and database assessment.

Main Results:

  • Standard setting involves ethically loaded choices by diverse stakeholders.
  • There is a need for greater transparency of unpublished and confidential information.
  • Urgent improvement is required in the validity of toxicology databases underpinning exposure limits.

Conclusions:

  • Standard setting in occupational and environmental health is a complex process with significant ethical dimensions.
  • Enhanced validity of toxicology databases and increased data accessibility are essential for robust exposure limit setting.
  • Collaborative decision-making involving experts, employees, and policymakers is vital for effective standard setting.