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Inferring Bounded Evolution in Phenotypic Characters from Phylogenetic Comparative Data.

Florian C Boucher1, Vincent Démery2

  • 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; florian.boucher@systbot.uzh.ch.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model, Bounded Brownian Motion (BBM), accurately estimates evolutionary constraints on continuous traits. BBM is easily distinguishable from existing models and fits diprotodont climatic niche evolution, suggesting bounded trait evolution.

Keywords:
BBM; boundsevolutionary constraintsmacroevolutionmaximum likelihood estimationphylogenetic comparative data

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Macroevolutionary studies
  • Phylogenetic comparative methods

Background:

  • Stochastic models like Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) are crucial for understanding continuous trait evolution over macroevolutionary timescales.
  • The OU process incorporates constraints on trait variance and models adaptive evolution towards a trait optimum, often used to infer stabilizing selection.
  • Existing models may not fully capture evolutionary scenarios with hard constraints between trait boundaries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel stochastic model, Bounded Brownian Motion (BBM), for continuous trait evolution on phylogenies.
  • Provide analytical and numerical methods for calculating BBM likelihood, including R code.
  • Evaluate BBM's performance in parameter estimation and its ability to be distinguished from BM and OU models.

Main Methods:

  • Developed analytical expressions for the likelihood of the Bounded Brownian Motion (BBM) model.
  • Implemented a numerical method for BBM likelihood calculation, accompanied by R code.
  • Conducted numerical simulations to assess BBM's parameter estimation accuracy and its discriminative power against BM and OU models.

Main Results:

  • Bounded Brownian Motion (BBM) demonstrates accurate parameter estimation in simulations.
  • BBM is readily distinguishable from both Brownian Motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models.
  • Analysis of diprotodont climatic niche evolution revealed that BBM provides the best fit to empirical data.

Conclusions:

  • Bounded Brownian Motion (BBM) is a valuable addition to the macroevolutionary modeling toolkit.
  • BBM effectively models evolutionary constraints imposed by hard boundaries on continuous traits.
  • The model suggests that diprotodont climatic niches evolved under boundary constraints, influenced by available climates in their geographic range.