In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cell Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Microbubbles are utilized as ultrasound contrast agents and are emerging as therapeutic tools.
• Their capacity to enhance drug uptake via tissue and cell membrane permeabilization is a key area of research.
• Understanding microbubble-cell interactions is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review experimental techniques used in in vitro studies of microbubble-cell interactions.
• To discuss the variety of cell models and microbubble types relevant to these interactions.
• To highlight the challenges and future directions in studying these complex biological processes.

Main Methods:

• Review of in vitro experimental techniques for studying microbubble-cell interactions.
• Discussion of various cell types and models, including complex in vivo-mimicking systems.
• Presentation of different microbubble formulations, droplets, particles, and their excitation methods (acoustic/optical).

Main Results:

• Various techniques exist to study microbubble-cell interactions across different timescales.
• These techniques reveal specific aspects and subsequent effects of microbubble-cell interactions.
• Combining knowledge from multiple techniques is essential for a comprehensive understanding.

Conclusions:

• In vitro studies are vital for elucidating microbubble-cell interactions and their therapeutic potential.
• Advancements in cell models and microbubble technologies are necessary for more complex studies.
• Integrated approaches using diverse techniques are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.