Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

6.7K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
6.7K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

8.1K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
8.1K
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

70.3K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
70.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Programmatic access to ICTV virus taxonomy through a public ontology API.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

VO: The Vaccine Ontology.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Deep single-cell decoding of human pancreatic islets reveals T2D β-cell gene expression defects.

The EMBO journal·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Targeting of NAT10 enhances healthspan in a mouse model of human accelerated aging syndrome.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Correction: Establishing standardized transthoracic echocardiography reference ranges for mouse models: insights into the impact of anesthesia, sex, and age.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

A general strategy for generating expert-guided, simplified views of ontologies.

Scientific data·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
06:00

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila

Published on: October 1, 2011

14.5K

Reporting phenotypes in mouse models when considering body size as a potential confounder.

Anika Oellrich1, Terrence F Meehan2, Helen Parkinson3

  • 1Mouse Informatics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire UK ; Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Biomedical Semantics
|February 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Body weight can confound gene-phenotype associations in knockout mouse studies. Statistical modeling reveals this significantly impacts established links, highlighting the need for robust data quality and ontological representation in high-throughput phenotyping programs.

More Related Videos

Low-Cost Gait Analysis for Behavioral Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
05:53

Low-Cost Gait Analysis for Behavioral Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

Published on: July 18, 2019

18.0K
Using RNA-mediated Interference Feeding Strategy to Screen for Genes Involved in Body Size Regulation in the Nematode C. elegans
11:22

Using RNA-mediated Interference Feeding Strategy to Screen for Genes Involved in Body Size Regulation in the Nematode C. elegans

Published on: February 13, 2013

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
06:00

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila

Published on: October 1, 2011

14.5K
Low-Cost Gait Analysis for Behavioral Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
05:53

Low-Cost Gait Analysis for Behavioral Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

Published on: July 18, 2019

18.0K
Using RNA-mediated Interference Feeding Strategy to Screen for Genes Involved in Body Size Regulation in the Nematode C. elegans
11:22

Using RNA-mediated Interference Feeding Strategy to Screen for Genes Involved in Body Size Regulation in the Nematode C. elegans

Published on: February 13, 2013

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Genotype-phenotype studies aim to link genes to observable traits.
  • The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) generates extensive phenotype data.
  • Body weight is a common phenotype that can correlate with other traits, potentially confounding results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of body weight as a confounder on gene-phenotype associations.
  • To explore methods for representing confounder effects within biological ontologies.
  • To improve the quality and interpretation of high-throughput phenotyping data.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical modeling was employed to account for body weight as a covariate.
  • Analysis focused on gene-phenotype associations derived from knockout mouse studies.
  • Investigation of existing ontologies for representing phenotypic information and confounder influences.

Main Results:

  • Body weight significantly impacts established gene-phenotype associations.
  • Confounding effects increase sensitivity and can lead to misleading interpretations.
  • Existing ontologies require adaptation to represent confounder-adjusted findings.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for body weight as a confounder is critical for accurate gene-phenotype association.
  • Improved data quality and ontological representation are essential for high-throughput phenotyping.
  • Robust statistical methods are needed to mitigate confounding effects in genetic studies.