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HE BURDEN AND CHALLENGES OF NEONATAL TETANUS IN KILIFI DISTRICT, KENYA--2004-7

E Maitha1, C Baya, E Bauni

  • 1Kilifi District Hospital, P.O. Box 9-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.

East African Medical Journal
|February 12, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal tetanus (NNT) incidence rose in Kilifi, Kenya, between 2004 and 2007, indicating a growing public health concern. Low immunisation coverage among women of childbearing age contributed to this trend.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunisation Studies

Background:

  • Neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains a significant public health challenge in many developing regions.
  • Understanding NNT incidence and associated risk factors is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and geographical distribution of neonatal tetanus (NNT) in Kilifi district, Kenya, from 2004 to 2007.
  • To assess trends in routine immunisation coverage, catch-up campaigns, and mop-up activities during the study period.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study design was employed.
  • Data were collected from children diagnosed with NNT attending health facilities in Kilifi district.
  • Analysis included incidence rates, geographical mapping, and immunisation coverage data.

Main Results:

  • NNT incidence in Kilifi increased from 0.6 to 1.0 per 1000 live births between 2004 and 2007.
  • Over half of Kilifi district was identified as a high-risk area for NNT, with 19 out of 36 locations classified as public health problems.
  • While TT2+ immunisation coverage for pregnant women rose significantly (22% to 98%), coverage for women of childbearing age remained low (4% to 17%).
  • All NNT cases were home deliveries, and 83% involved the application of potentially infectious materials to the umbilical cord.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal tetanus posed an increasing threat in Kilifi district from 2004 to 2007.
  • Low immunisation coverage among women of childbearing age was a key contributing factor.
  • Inconsistent data capture for TT immunisation, conflating pregnant women and women of childbearing age, hindered accurate coverage assessment.
Abstract

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