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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Optimizing Medication Use Through Deprescribing: Tactics for This Approach.

Nicole J Brandt

    Journal of Gerontological Nursing
    |February 12, 2016
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    Summary

    Medication review is crucial for older adults. Deprescribing, or safely stopping medications that may cause harm, should be individualized, with nurses playing a key role in this important process.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Pharmacology
    • Nursing Practice

    Background:

    • Polypharmacy is common in older adults.
    • Medication-related harm is a significant concern in geriatric populations.
    • Regular medication review is essential for safe and effective care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define deprescribing in the context of aging.
    • To outline strategies for implementing deprescribing.
    • To identify future research directions in medication management for seniors.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on deprescribing interventions.
    • Analysis of nursing roles in medication management.
    • Discussion of evidence-based deprescribing tactics.

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    Main Results:

    • Deprescribing is a patient-centered approach to optimize medication regimens.
    • Nurses are integral to identifying deprescribing opportunities and facilitating the process.
    • Systematic approaches can improve medication safety in older adults.

    Conclusions:

    • Deprescribing should be a routine consideration for all older adults.
    • Interprofessional collaboration, particularly involving nurses, is vital for successful deprescribing.
    • Further research is needed to refine deprescribing guidelines and evaluate long-term outcomes.