Ultrasound appearances of systemic candidiasis in the neonate

Systemic candidiasis is a serious but treatable infection when it occurs in premature or low birthweight infants. Two cases are presented to show that the diagnosis can be made at an early stage by ultrasound of the kidneys and head. Characteristic fungal balls that cause hydronephrosis can be easily detected within the renal pelvi-calyceal systems, and fungal strands may be seen in the cerebral ventricles. Prompt treatment should improve survival.