Analysis of the lmmunity-Related Oxidative Bursts by a Luminol-Based Assay

The rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to biotic and abiotic cues is a conserved hallmark of plant responses. The detection and quantification of ROS generation during immune responses is an excellent readout to analyze signaling triggered by the perception of pathogens. The assay described here is easy to employ and versatile, allowing its use in a multitude of variations. For example, ROS production can be analyzed using different tissues including whole seedlings, roots, leaves, protoplasts, and cultured cells, which can originate from different ecotypes or mutants. Samples can be tested in combination with any ROS-inducing elicitors, such as the FLS2-activating peptide flg22, but also lipids or even abiotic stresses. Furthermore, early (PAMP-triggered) and late (effector-triggered) ROS production induced by virulent and avirulent bacteria, respectively, can also be assayed.