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Canonical computations of cerebral cortex.

Kenneth D Miller1

  • 1Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Swartz Program in Theoretical Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-2695, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|February 13, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore fundamental brain computations, reviewing evidence for two canonical operations in sensory cortex: feedforward selectivity and recurrent gain control. These processes explain how the brain integrates stimuli and processes information hierarchically.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The existence of a fundamental cortical circuit performing canonical computations is a compelling hypothesis in neuroscience.
  • Understanding these computations is key to deciphering brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting two canonical operations in sensory cortical areas.
  • To explore how these operations contribute to neural information processing and integration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing neuroscientific evidence.
  • Analysis of computational models of cortical processing.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a feedforward computation for selectivity in sensory cortex.
  • Evidence supports a recurrent computation of gain, where intracortical input modulates external input, leading to nonlinear stimulus integration.
  • Cortical computation integrates local processing with hierarchical processing across brain areas.

Conclusions:

  • Two canonical operations, feedforward selectivity and recurrent gain control, are proposed as fundamental computations in sensory cortex.
  • These operations contribute to complex neural nonlinearities and stimulus integration.
  • Significant differences in cortical organization and computation may exist across species and brain regions.