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Author Spotlight: Recreating Melanoma Complexity with Patient-Derived Organoids for Immunotherapy Evaluation

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Precision oncology: origins, optimism, and potential.

Vinay Prasad¹, Tito Fojo², Michael Brada³

¹Division of Hematology Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and Center for Health Care Ethics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

The Lancet. Oncology

|February 13, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Precision oncology, guided by tumor genomic alterations, shows promise but requires more rigorous testing. Current approaches may need significant adjustments before demonstrating success for cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Imatinib pioneered targeted cancer therapy, leading to numerous drugs targeting molecular pathways.
Advances in genetic sequencing accelerated the development of targeted therapies and molecularly defined cancer subtypes.
Precision oncology hypothesizes improved cancer treatment through therapies guided by tumor genomic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the current state and promise of precision oncology.
To review evidence for precision oncology, diagnostics, and radiotherapy.
To assess the threshold for declaring success in precision oncology interventions.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on precision oncology, precision diagnostics, and novel radiotherapy.
Analysis of empirical investigations and biological basis of cancer.
Assessment of the evidence supporting widespread endorsement of these interventions.

Main Results:

Confirmatory evidence for precision oncology and related interventions remains scarce despite widespread endorsement.
The current trajectory of precision oncology is unlikely to succeed without substantial adjustments.
Precision oncology is currently an unproven hypothesis requiring rigorous testing.

Conclusions:

Precision oncology, while promising, is not yet proven and requires further validation.
Substantive adjustments to current approaches are necessary for precision oncology to succeed.
Rigorous confirmatory studies are essential before precision oncology can be considered a reliable treatment strategy.