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Kingella kingae-Associated Pediatric Osteoarticular Infections: An Overview of 566 Reported Cases

Mohammed Al-Qwbani1, Nan Jiang1, Bin Yu1

  • 11 Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Clinical Pediatrics
|February 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Kingella kingae commonly causes pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs), often following upper respiratory infections. Beta-lactam antibiotics show favorable clinical efficacy in treating these bone and joint infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Kingella kingae is an emerging pathogen causing pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs).
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum and treatment of K. kingae OAIs is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize clinical experience and outcomes of pediatric osteoarticular infections caused by Kingella kingae.
  • To analyze epidemiological data, common clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for K. kingae OAIs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 566 pediatric cases of K. kingae-associated OAIs from 2000 to June 2014.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, preceding illnesses, types and sites of infection, diagnostic techniques, antibiotic treatment, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Most patients (over 80%) were aged 4 months to 4 years, with a male predominance (1.14:1).
  • Upper respiratory tract infections preceded 82% of cases. Septic arthritis (73.1%), osteomyelitis (15.7%), and spondylodiscitis (5.4%) were most common, affecting the knee, calcaneus, and L4/5 disc respectively.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated high sensitivity. Beta-lactam antibiotics were frequently used (2-4 weeks) with favorable clinical efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Kingella kingae is a significant cause of pediatric OAIs, particularly in young children.
  • Early diagnosis using PCR and prompt treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into K. kingae pathogenesis and optimal treatment duration is warranted.

Keywords:
Kingella kingaearthritisosteomyelitispediatric osteoarticular infectionretrospective analysisspondylodiscitis

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