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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity at Interneuronal Synapses Could Sculpt Rhythmic Motor Patterns.

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Short-term synaptic plasticity in the lamprey locomotor network influences network output. Excitatory synaptic depression and inhibitory feedback circuits modulate bursting patterns, highlighting plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuronal network output relies on cellular and synaptic organization.
  • Synaptic properties' characterization has lagged behind cellular analyses.
  • Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity's role in rhythmically active networks is crucial but understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize short-term plasticity of connections between lamprey locomotor network interneurons.
  • To investigate the network role of this short-term synaptic plasticity.
  • To explore how synaptic plasticity influences and is influenced by network activity.

Main Methods:

  • Paired recordings from identified interneurons in quiescent lamprey locomotor networks.
  • Experimental manipulation of Ringer Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) levels.
  • Development and analysis of a simple computer model of the network.

Main Results:

  • Identified synapse-specific properties and plasticity, including depression in excitatory interneurons and facilitation in inhibitory feedback circuits.
  • Experimental and simulation results indicated that excitatory input depression significantly influenced network activity patterning.
  • The inhibitory facilitating circuit was found to modulate the impact of excitatory synaptic depression.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term activity-dependent synaptic plasticity exists between locomotor network interneurons.
  • This plasticity, particularly excitatory depression, plays a functional role in shaping network output.
  • Spinal cord network models should incorporate short-term synaptic plasticity as a key component.