Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

20.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
20.4K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

17.2K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
17.2K
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

69
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
69
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.7K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.7K
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

4.0K
Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
4.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

49.6K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
49.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Heart rate variability dynamics during virtual reality roller coaster experience: correlations with vestibular function and motion sickness susceptibility.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Cardiovascular components of the COTE index predict acute exacerbations and healthcare costs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide linked cohort study.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Balance biomarker for early differentiation of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy with parkinsonian type.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Neurosyphilis presenting as ocular motor nerve palsy: two cases and a systematic literature review.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Association of Sarcopenia and Lower Bone Density With Positional Vertigo in the Morning: Insights From a Nationwide Survey.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2026
Same author

[Trends in Intervention Research for Reducing Health Effects of Particulate Matter].

Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

31.9K

Crystal structure of cyproconazole.

Gihaeng Kang1, Jineun Kim1, Eunjin Kwon1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications
|February 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a conazole fungicide, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-cyclo-propyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol. Molecular interactions and crystal packing were analyzed, revealing insights into its solid-state structure.

Keywords:
butan-2-olcrystal structurecyproconazolefungicidal propertieshydrogen bonding

More Related Videos

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD
13:34

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

Published on: December 30, 2016

12.1K
Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

31.9K
Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD
13:34

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

Published on: December 30, 2016

12.1K
Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Fungicide research
  • Organic chemistry

Background:

  • Conazole fungicides are crucial in agriculture.
  • Understanding their molecular structure is key to developing effective antifungal agents.
  • The specific compound 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-cyclo-propyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol is a conazole derivative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the conazole fungicide 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-cyclo-propyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.
  • To analyze the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of dihedral angles between key aromatic rings was performed.
  • Identification and characterization of hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions were conducted.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two enantiomeric pairs (molecules A and B).
  • Dihedral angles between the chlorophenyl and triazole rings were measured as 46.54(9)° for molecule A and 67.03(8)° for molecule B.
  • Crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, and C-H⋯π interactions, forming columns along the a axis.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed crystallographic analysis of a conazole fungicide.
  • The observed molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions offer insights into the compound's solid-state behavior.
  • This structural information can contribute to structure-activity relationship studies for conazole fungicides.