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MicroRNAs in the Host-Apicomplexan Parasites Interactions: A Review of Immunopathological Aspects
Carla C Judice1, Catarina Bourgard1, Ana C A V Kayano1
1Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs, have been detected in a variety of organisms ranging from ancient unicellular eukaryotes to mammals. They have been associated with numerous molecular mechanisms involving developmental, physiological and pathological changes of cells and tissues. Despite the fact that miRNA-silencing mechanisms appear to be absent in some Apicomplexan species, an increasing number of studies have reported a role for miRNAs in host-parasite interactions. Host miRNA expression can change following parasite infection and the consequences can lead, for instance, to parasite clearance. In this context, the immune system signaling appears to have a crucial role.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in host-parasite interactions, influencing the immune response to infection. Changes in host miRNA expression can lead to parasite clearance, highlighting their importance in immunity.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Parasitology
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs found across diverse organisms.
- They regulate crucial cellular processes, including development, physiology, and pathology.
- While some Apicomplexan species lack miRNA-silencing, miRNAs are increasingly implicated in host-parasite interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of host microRNAs in the context of parasite infections.
- To understand how host miRNA expression changes impact parasite clearance.
- To investigate the involvement of immune system signaling in miRNA-mediated host-parasite interactions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of host miRNA expression profiles during parasitic infections.
- Investigating the functional consequences of altered miRNA levels on parasite load.
- Studying the interplay between host immune signaling pathways and miRNA regulation.
Main Results:
- Host miRNA expression is significantly altered upon parasite infection.
- Modulation of host miRNAs can influence the outcome of infection, potentially leading to parasite clearance.
- Immune system signaling pathways are critically involved in these miRNA-mediated responses.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs are key regulators in host-parasite interactions.
- Host miRNA dynamics are crucial for mounting an effective immune response against parasites.
- Targeting host miRNAs or related immune pathways may offer novel strategies for controlling parasitic infections.
