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    Area of Science:

    • * Solar physics and coronagraphy.
    • * Optical engineering and stray light analysis.

    Background:

    • * Stray light suppression is critical for solar coronagraph design, particularly for space-borne instruments.
    • * Diffraction from occulters and scattering by optics are primary sources of stray light.
    • * External occulters in space-borne solar coronagraphs necessitate careful evaluation of diffraction effects on focal plane stray light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To address the challenge of scaling solar coronagraphs for giant, formation-flying missions.
    • * To develop a method for evaluating stray light in coronagraphs where flight geometry cannot be replicated in a lab.
    • * To introduce an original approach for scaling coronagraphs using the solar disk as an extended source.

    Main Methods:

    • * Investigating diffraction from external occulters.
    • * Analyzing stray light impact on the focal plane.
    • * Developing a novel coronagraph scaling methodology for extended sources.

    Main Results:

    • * Established the necessity of evaluating occulter diffraction for stray light assessment.
    • * Proposed a scaling approach applicable to formation-flying giant solar coronagraphs.
    • * Introduced the concept of scaling with an extended solar disk source.

    Conclusions:

    • * The proposed scaling method is essential for designing large-scale solar coronagraphs.
    • * Accurate stray light evaluation is key to successful coronagraphic observations.
    • * This research facilitates the development of advanced instruments for heliospheric observation.