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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Induction of Hypoxia in Living Frog and Zebrafish Embryos
Published on: June 26, 2017
Role of hypoxia during nephrogenesis
Shelby L Hemker1,2,3, Sunder Sims-Lucas1,2,3, Jacqueline Ho4,5,6
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Mammals develop in a physiologically hypoxic state, and the oxygen tension of different tissues in the embryo is precisely controlled. Deviation from normal oxygenation, such as what occurs in placental insufficiency, can disrupt fetal development. Several studies demonstrate that intrauterine hypoxia has a negative effect on kidney development. As nascent nephrons are forming from nephron progenitors in the nephrogenic zone, they are exposed to varying oxygen tension by virtue of the development of the renal vasculature. Thus, nephrogenesis may be linked to oxygen tension. However, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remains unclear. This review focuses on what is known about molecular mechanisms active in physiological and pathological hypoxia and their effects on kidney development.
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