Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.2K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.2K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

8.1K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
8.1K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.9K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Increasing intrinsic protein disorder improves CD8+ immunogenicity for a SARS CoV2 vaccine candidate antigen.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

ATR kinase inhibitors induce mitochondrial fission in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and impair immune memory <i>in vivo</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity.

Nature·2026
Same author

Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity.

Nature·2026
Same author

Inhibitory receptor agonists: Emerging strategies in immune modulation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Regulatory T cells thrive in ammonia-rich tumors.

Cell metabolism·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

21.1K

Interleukin-35 Limits Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Meghan E Turnis1, Deepali V Sawant2, Andrea L Szymczak-Workman1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.

Immunity
|February 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress anti-tumor immunity. Blocking Interleukin-35 (IL-35) produced by these cells in tumors enhances immune responses and limits cancer growth, offering a new therapeutic strategy.

More Related Videos

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.2K
Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
07:55

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: January 17, 2025

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
07:49

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

Published on: April 13, 2015

21.1K
Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.2K
Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
07:55

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: January 17, 2025

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial suppressors of anti-tumor immunity.
  • Current Treg cell depletion strategies for cancer therapy are limited by autoimmune side effects.
  • Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a cytokine secreted by Treg cells that inhibits T cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IL-35 produced by Treg cells within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To determine if targeting IL-35 can overcome Treg-mediated immune suppression in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an IL-35 reporter mouse model to identify IL-35-expressing Treg cells in tumors.
  • Employed IL-35-specific antibodies for neutralization and genetic deletion of IL-35 in Treg cells.
  • Assessed tumor growth, T cell proliferation, effector function, and memory formation in murine cancer models.

Main Results:

  • IL-35-producing Treg cells were significantly enriched within tumors.
  • Neutralization or genetic ablation of IL-35 reduced tumor growth across multiple cancer models.
  • Limiting IL-35 enhanced T cell proliferation, effector functions, antigen-specific responses, and memory.
  • IL-35 promoted inhibitory receptor expression (PD1, TIM3, LAG3) on T cells, contributing to exhaustion.

Conclusions:

  • Intratumoral IL-35 produced by Treg cells is a key mechanism for suppressing anti-tumor immunity.
  • Targeting IL-35 represents a promising strategy to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and combat T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment.