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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Efinaconazole and Tavaborole.

Mara Poulakos1, Yasmin Grace1, Jade D Machin1

  • 11 Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.

Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|February 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New topical antifungals efinaconazole and tavaborole offer treatment options for onychomycosis (fungal nail infections). This review examines their safety and effectiveness compared to older treatments.

Keywords:
antifungalefinaconazoleonychomycosistavaborole

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection, often caused by dermatophytes, leading to nail damage and difficult treatment.
  • Traditional treatments include oral antifungals (terbinafine, itraconazole, griseofulvin) and topical ciclopirox, but oral agents have potential adverse effects and drug interactions.
  • Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) is the most prevalent form, presenting therapeutic challenges due to nail structural damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of efinaconazole and tavaborole for treating onychomycosis.
  • To evaluate the role of these newer topical agents in the context of existing onychomycosis therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on efinaconazole and tavaborole.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data regarding safety and efficacy profiles.
  • Comparison of these agents with established oral and topical treatments for onychomycosis.

Main Results:

  • Efinaconazole and tavaborole represent advancements in topical onychomycosis treatment.
  • Data suggests favorable safety profiles and varying degrees of efficacy for these agents.
  • These newer topicals provide alternatives for patients who cannot tolerate or have contraindications to oral therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Efinaconazole and tavaborole, approved in 2014, expand topical treatment options for onychomycosis.
  • Their introduction addresses limitations associated with older treatments, offering improved patient management strategies.
  • Further research may elucidate long-term outcomes and optimal use of these topical antifungals.