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Urban surface water pollution problems arising from misconnections.

D Michael Revitt1, J Bryan Ellis1

  • 1Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, UK.

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Summary

Household appliance misconnections significantly impact surface water quality, increasing organic and nutrient loadings. Addressing toilet misconnections and limiting others to 2% can reduce biochemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen pollution.

Keywords:
MisconnectionsPollutant (BOD, PO(4)-P, NH(4)-N) loadingsRemediation schemesStormwater sewersUrban surface waters

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Urban Hydrology

Background:

  • Household appliance misconnections, where wastewater is discharged incorrectly, pose a threat to surface water quality.
  • Urban areas experience significant pollutant loadings from various domestic sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of household appliance misconnections on organic and nutrient loadings in surface waters.
  • To calculate potential pollutant loads and predict receiving water concentrations for different misconnection scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized household appliance data from two urban sub-catchments (London and Swansea).
  • Calculated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), soluble reactive phosphorus (PO4-P), and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) loadings based on measured flows and literature-derived concentrations.
  • Predicted downstream water concentrations and compared them to freshwater standards, considering dilution ratios.

Main Results:

  • Misconnections contribute significantly to BOD, PO4-P, and NH4-N loadings, with toilets, kitchen sinks, and washing machines being major sources.
  • Dilution ratios of 50-100:1 are needed to maintain high water quality for BOD and NH4-N, but only poor quality for PO4-P.
  • Eliminating toilet misconnections and limiting others to 2% alleviates BOD and NH4-N issues, but not PO4-P.

Conclusions:

  • Misconnections present a substantial challenge to achieving and maintaining high surface water quality, particularly concerning phosphorus.
  • Effective management requires addressing specific appliance contributions and considering the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment for certain pollutants.
  • Significant upgrades to wastewater treatment infrastructure, potentially requiring a Population Equivalent capacity of 900,000 for Greater London, are needed to manage misconnection impacts, especially for PO4-P.