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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Identification of neurodevelopmental trajectories in infancy and of risk factors affecting deviant development: a

Tomoko Nishimura1, Nori Takei2, Kenji J Tsuchiya3

  • 1United Graduate School of Child Development.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|February 15, 2016
PubMed

Insights

About 1 in 5 infants show delayed neurodevelopment. Distinct patterns of delay and risk factors suggest different underlying causes for impaired infant growth and development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurodevelopment
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Infant Health

Background:

  • Investigating neurodevelopmental trajectories in a representative infant population.
  • Identifying key risk factors associated with delayed growth patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze infant neurodevelopmental trajectories from 1 to 24 months.
  • To identify demographic and biological risk factors predicting distinct developmental delays.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class growth analysis of Mullen Scales of Early Learning data from 952 infants.
  • Multinomial logistic regression to identify risk factors for trajectory classes.

Main Results:

  • Five neurodevelopmental trajectory classes identified: high normal, normal, low normal, delayed, and markedly delayed.
  • Markedly delayed trajectories linked to male sex, small for gestational age, low placenta-to-birthweight ratio, and low maternal education.
  • Delayed trajectories associated with male sex, preterm birth, and advanced paternal age.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 20% of infants exhibit delayed neurodevelopment.
  • Distinct patterns of delay and associated risk factors indicate varied pathophysiological mechanisms in infant neurodevelopmental disorders.
Abstract

Keywords:
Neurodevelopmentbirth cohortdelayed growthrisk factorsmall placentatrajectory

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