Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 25, 2026
07:38
Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
Published on: May 27, 2021
9.0K
Treatment-refractory Tourette Syndrome
Brent M Kious1, Joohi Jimenez-Shahed2, David R Shprecher3
1University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|February 16, 2016
Summary
Tourette Syndrome (TS) management includes routine strategies and emerging treatments for refractory cases. This review covers diagnosis, standard care, and advanced therapies like deep brain stimulation and novel medications.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics.
- Many individuals experience mild symptoms that improve with age.
- A subset of patients presents with treatment-refractory symptoms and associated psychiatric comorbidities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current management strategies for Tourette Syndrome.
- To explore emerging treatments for individuals with refractory TS.
- To provide an overview of diagnostic criteria and standard care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of diagnostic approaches for TS.
- Analysis of established treatment protocols for tic disorders.
- Examination of evidence for novel therapeutic interventions in refractory TS.
Main Results:
- Standard management involves behavioral therapies and medications.
- Emerging treatments for refractory TS include deep brain stimulation (DBS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
- Novel pharmacological agents, including vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitors, cannabinoids, and anti-glutamatergic drugs, are under investigation.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive management of Tourette Syndrome requires tailored approaches.
- Advanced interventions offer new hope for treatment-refractory cases.
- Ongoing research into novel therapies promises improved outcomes for severe TS.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
662
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
662
01:24Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
1.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.3K
01:30Electroconvulsive Therapy
2.0K
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
2.0K
01:22Behavior Therapy
922
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
922
01:24Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
902
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
902
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
629
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
629