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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

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Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Pleural Effusion in Multiple Myeloma.

Zhuo Wang¹, Guoguang Xia, Ling Lan

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

|February 16, 2016

Summary

Myeloma cell infiltration causing pleural effusion is rare in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Flow cytometry aids in diagnosing myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE), which presents uniquely with yellow nodules.

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Published on: December 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pulmonology

Background:

Multiple myeloma (MM) rarely presents with pleural effusion.
Myeloma cell infiltration of the pleura is an exceptionally uncommon manifestation.

Observation:

This study analyzed 34 patients with both MM and pleural effusion.
Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) was identified in only 2 cases.
MPE cases showed yellow exudates, lobulated pleural nodules with rich blood supply, and lacked typical physical/chemical characteristics.

Findings:

Pleural effusion in MM can stem from various conditions, including congestive heart failure and renal failure.
Routine cytopathology for pleural effusion has low sensitivity for detecting myeloma cells.
Flow cytometry is crucial for confirming MPE by detecting myeloma cells in pleural fluid.

Implications:

The low detection rate of MPE highlights the need for advanced diagnostic methods.
Early and accurate diagnosis of MPE is essential for appropriate MM patient management.
Flow cytometry significantly improves the diagnostic yield for MPE compared to traditional methods.