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Related Concept Videos

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Magnetoelectric effect in organic molecular solids.

Makoto Naka1, Sumio Ishihara1

  • 1Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|February 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in organic molecular solids, finding a new way to achieve this phenomenon without transition metals. This discovery could lead to flexible, lightweight multifunctional materials.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • The magnetoelectric (ME) effect describes the coupling between electric and magnetic properties in materials.
  • ME effects are well-studied in transition-metal compounds, enabling applications where electric fields control magnetization and magnetic fields control electric polarization.
  • Discovering new material systems for ME effects is crucial for advancing multifunctional devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of realizing the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in organic molecular solids.
  • To propose a novel mechanism for ME effects in materials lacking transition metals.
  • To provide a new guiding principle for designing flexible and lightweight multifunctional materials.

Main Methods:

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  • Theoretical prediction of the linear ME effect in organic molecular solids.
  • Analysis of dimer units aligned on a lattice site.
  • Investigation of both long-range ordered and disordered spin and electric dipole states.

Main Results:

  • A potential pathway for achieving the ME effect in organic molecular solids is reported.
  • The linear ME effect is predicted to exist in both ordered and disordered states of spins and electric dipoles.
  • A hidden ferroic order of spin-charge composite objects is identified as key to the ME effect.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a new guiding principle for realizing the ME effect in organic materials, moving beyond transition-metal compounds.
  • This approach may enable the development of flexible, lightweight, and multifunctional materials.
  • The findings open new avenues for exploring novel electronic and magnetic functionalities in organic molecular solids.