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Cognitive function at rest and during exercise following breakfast omission.

Takaaki Komiyama1, Mizuki Sudo2, Naoki Okuda3

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Skipping breakfast impairs executive function, but acute exercise can improve it. Even after breakfast omission, the cognitive benefits of exercise remain intact, suggesting exercise can counteract some negative effects of not eating.

Keywords:
Blood glucoseBrainCognitionFasting

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Breakfast omission is linked to detrimental cognitive effects.
  • The impact of acute exercise on cognitive function after breakfast omission is not well understood, especially during physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of breakfast consumption/omission and acute exercise on cognitive performance.
  • To analyze cognitive function at rest and during exercise under different breakfast conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Ten participants completed cognitive tasks (working memory and executive function) at rest and during cycling exercise.
  • Conditions included breakfast consumption versus breakfast omission.
  • Blood glucose levels and cognitive task performance (accuracy, reaction time) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Breakfast omission reduced executive function accuracy at rest.
  • Acute exercise improved executive function accuracy in the breakfast omission group.
  • Exercise enhanced reaction time in both breakfast conditions; no difference between groups.
  • Working memory (Spatial DR task) was not significantly affected by breakfast or exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Breakfast omission negatively impacts executive function.
  • Acute exercise can enhance executive function, even following breakfast omission.
  • The cognitive benefits of acute exercise appear to be preserved irrespective of breakfast status.