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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
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Seed thioredoxin h.

Per Hägglund1, Christine Finnie2, Hiroyuki Yano3

  • 1Protein and Immune Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Matematiktorvet, Building 301, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|February 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant thioredoxin h systems regulate seed germination and are crucial for plant development. This review covers their occurrence, mechanisms, and applications in plant biotechnology.

Keywords:
NADPH dependent thioredoxin reductaseProteomicsTarget proteinsThioredoxin hThree-dimensional structure

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thioredoxins are essential disulfide reductases found across biological systems.
  • Plants possess diverse thioredoxin types, including chloroplastic f- and m-types regulating photosynthesis.
  • Cytosolic thioredoxin h (Trx h) systems are vital for seed germination, recycled by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the occurrence, reaction mechanisms, and specificity of thioredoxin h systems in plant seeds.
  • To explore target protein identification, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of plant Trx h.
  • To provide an updated overview of recent findings in plant seed thioredoxin research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of thioredoxin h systems in plant seeds.
  • Analysis of occurrence, reaction mechanisms, and protein specificity.
  • Examination of structural data and biotechnological applications.

Main Results:

  • Thioredoxin h systems are widespread in plant seeds, playing key regulatory roles.
  • Specific Trx h isoforms exhibit distinct target proteins and reaction mechanisms.
  • Structural insights reveal conserved and unique features of plant Trx h.

Conclusions:

  • Plant thioredoxin h systems are critical regulators of seed germination and development.
  • Understanding Trx h function offers potential for improving crop production through biotechnology.
  • Further research into Trx h targets and structures will enhance their biotechnological utility.