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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Chemical biology

Background:

  • Rigid macrocycles with hybrid backbones can self-assemble into nanotubular structures.
  • The functional groups lining the inner cavity of these macrocycles can influence their assembly and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different inward-pointing functional groups in rigid macrocycles affect their self-assembly into nanotubes.
  • To determine the impact of these functional groups on transmembrane ion transport properties of the resulting pores.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
  • Vesicle-based stopped-flow kinetic assays
  • Single-channel electrophysiology with planar lipid bilayers

Main Results:

  • Macrocycles with different inward-pointing functional groups self-assembled into similar nanotubular structures.
  • The nature of the inward-pointing group significantly influenced ion transport selectivity.
  • Pores with amino and methyl groups rejected protons but transported larger ions.
  • Inward-pointing groups modulated the electrostatic potential within the pores, affecting chloride ion transport.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic modification of macrocyclic building blocks can profoundly alter the properties of supramolecular assemblies.
  • The study demonstrates both predictable tunability and unexpected behavior in self-assembling ion channels.
  • Inward-pointing functional groups are key determinants of ion transport preference in synthetic pores.