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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

127
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
127

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Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans Sensitivity to the Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Levamisole
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Suspected levamisole intoxication in calves.

K R Müller1, C Dwyer1

  • 1a Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand.

New Zealand Veterinary Journal
|February 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Levamisole toxicity in calves can be triggered by stress and dehydration, leading to severe symptoms and death. Accurate dosing based on weight and health status is crucial for preventing levamisole poisoning in young cattle.

Keywords:
Calvesadverse drug event investigationdehydrationlevamisoletoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pharmacology
  • Animal Toxicology
  • Ruminant Health

Background:

  • Anthelmintics are widely used in livestock for parasite control.
  • Levamisole is a common anthelmintic, but its narrow safety margin poses a risk.
  • Calf management practices, including transport and yarding, can induce stress and dehydration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cases of suspected levamisole intoxication in young cattle.
  • To identify risk factors associated with adverse drug events from anthelmintic treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate drug administration in veterinary medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of clinical signs in Friesian and Hereford calves post-anthelmintic administration.
  • Post-mortem examination and adverse drug event investigation.
  • Analysis of anthelmintic formulation, quality, and drench gun function.

Main Results:

  • Calves exhibited severe nicotinic-type symptoms including hypersalivation, tremors, and central nervous system depression.
  • Two Hereford calves died after treatment, with two Friesian calves succumbing later.
  • Anthelmintic quality and drench gun function were confirmed to be within specifications.

Conclusions:

  • Dehydration and stress increase susceptibility to levamisole toxicity in calves.
  • Levamisole has a narrow safety margin, making accurate weight-based dosing essential.
  • Overdosing can occur if calf health status is not considered during treatment.