Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds

Fabian Weiss1, Frank Kubel2, Óscar Gálvez3

  • 1Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060, Wien, Austria.

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One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
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