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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Related Experiment Videos

Sternocleidomastoid pyomyositis.

E J Gosnell1, B Anwar2, V Varadarajan2

  • 1Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, M6 8HD Salford, United Kingdom; ENT Department, Fairfield General Hospital, Rochdale Old Road, Bury, BL9 7TD Lancashire, United Kingdom.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|February 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details the first reported instance of group A streptococcal cervical pyomyositis in an immunocompetent individual. Prompt diagnosis and surgical drainage of the neck abscess led to a full recovery.

Keywords:
PyomyositisSternocleidomastoid muscleStreptococcus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Musculoskeletal Infections

Background:

  • Pyogenic myositis (pyomyositis) is a bacterial infection of striated muscle, typically seen in tropical regions and often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Cervical pyomyositis, an infection of the neck muscles, is exceptionally rare.
  • This report details the first known case of group A streptococcal cervical pyomyositis in an immunocompetent British Caucasian patient.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 48-year-old male presented with acute onset of sore throat, left-sided neck pain, and swelling.
  • Clinical examination revealed fever and unilateral neck swelling. CT imaging identified a large abscess within the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
  • Microbiological analysis of the drained abscess fluid identified group A Streptococcus.

Findings:

  • Surgical exploration and drainage of the sternocleidomastoid abscess were performed.
  • Histological examination confirmed muscle abscess formation without evidence of acid-fast bacilli.
  • The patient experienced a successful postoperative recovery and remains well.

Implications:

  • Cervical pyomyositis, though rare, can lead to severe complications such as internal jugular vein thrombosis and sepsis if not treated promptly.
  • A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing cervical pyomyositis, considering it in the differential diagnosis of head and neck pain and swelling.
  • This case highlights the potential for group A Streptococcus to cause invasive cervical pyomyositis in immunocompetent individuals.