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This review covers imaging changes in synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and Lewy body dementia. It discusses imaging's role in diagnosis, early detection, and tracking disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and Lewy body dementia (LBD), are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders.
  • These conditions share underlying pathologies involving alpha-synuclein aggregation.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis remains a challenge, particularly in early or subclinical stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural and functional neuroimaging findings in PD, MSA, and LBD.
  • To explore the utility of neuroimaging in differential diagnosis among synucleinopathies.
  • To assess the potential of imaging for detecting subclinical disease and monitoring progression.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published literature on neuroimaging in synucleinopathies.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing techniques such as MRI, PET, and SPECT.
  • Discussion of imaging biomarkers and their correlation with clinical phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Distinct structural and functional imaging patterns are associated with PD, MSA, and LBD.
  • Neuroimaging can aid in differentiating between these conditions, especially when clinical presentation is ambiguous.
  • Imaging may detect subtle pathological changes before overt clinical symptoms manifest.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnostic workup of synucleinopathies.
  • Its application in early detection and objective monitoring of disease progression holds significant potential.
  • Further research is needed to fully establish imaging's role in therapeutic trials and personalized management.