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Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

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Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016.

David G Lalloo1, Delane Shingadia2, David J Bell3

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.

The Journal of Infection
|February 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria, a common imported tropical disease in the UK, requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Plasmodium falciparum causes most cases, necessitating artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated infections and intravenous artesunate for severe cases.

Keywords:
GuidelinesMalariaTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Malaria is the most common imported tropical disease in the UK, with 1300-1800 cases annually.
  • Plasmodium falciparum accounts for approximately 75% of UK malaria cases, posing a risk of severe multi-organ disease.
  • Non-falciparum malaria is typically caused by Plasmodium vivax, with other Plasmodium species less common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of malaria in the UK.
  • To highlight the importance of considering malaria in febrile individuals with a travel history to endemic areas.
  • To outline current treatment recommendations for uncomplicated and severe malaria caused by different Plasmodium species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and treatment protocols for malaria.
  • Emphasis on blood film examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for diagnosis.
  • Discussion of drug choices for uncomplicated and severe malaria, including artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) and intravenous artesunate.

Main Results:

  • Malaria diagnosis requires vigilance, as symptoms can be non-specific and fever is not always present.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial, with specific protocols for Plasmodium falciparum and other species.
  • Artemisinin combination therapies are recommended for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, while intravenous artesunate is the treatment of choice for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • Malaria management hinges on early diagnosis and correct testing, with blood films and RDTs being key diagnostic tools.
  • Treatment strategies vary based on the Plasmodium species and disease severity, with ACTs and intravenous artesunate being primary choices.
  • Special considerations are necessary for malaria in pregnancy, children, and for eradicating dormant parasites (hypnozoites) with primaquine, with caution for G6PD deficiency.