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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Published on: April 2, 2015

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials.

Qi-Long Yan¹, Michael Gozin¹, Feng-Qi Zhao²

¹Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. cogozin@gmail.com qilonyan@post.tau.ac.il.

|February 17, 2016

Summary

Functionalized carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) enhance energetic compositions by improving combustion, thermal stability, and sensitivity. Fullerenes, CNTs, and GO show promise in nanothermites and propellants.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) like graphene and CNTs are increasingly utilized in diverse applications.
A key research area involves using CNMs as carriers or additives in energetic materials for improved safety and performance.
Functionalization of CNMs offers a route to tailor their properties for specific energetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review updated preparation methods for CNMs.
To focus on the application of CNMs in energetic compositions.
To detail the effects of functionalized CNMs on the properties of energetic materials.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on CNM preparation and functionalization.
Analysis of studies investigating CNMs in energetic compositions.
Discussion of experimental results on thermal decomposition, ignition, and combustion.

Main Results:

Functionalized CNMs significantly enhance combustion performance, thermal stability, and reduce sensitivity of energetic compositions.
Coating or encapsulation of energetic components with CNMs leads to safer nanostructures with better performance.
Functionalized fullerenes, CNTs, and GO exhibit superior catalytic properties for applications in nanothermites, solid propellants, and gas generators.

Conclusions:

Functionalized CNMs are effective energetic additives and carriers.
CNMs offer a pathway to develop advanced, safer energetic materials.
Specific CNMs like functionalized fullerenes, CNTs, and GO are highly suitable for advanced energetic systems.