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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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LncRNAs in Stem Cells.

Shanshan Hu1, Ge Shan1

  • 1School of Life Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.

Stem Cells International
|February 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are vital regulators in all life forms. This review highlights the essential roles of ncRNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), in various stem cell types, offering insights for future research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulatory molecules across all life.
  • Stem cells are pivotal in cell biology and biomedicine.
  • Emerging evidence indicates significant roles for ncRNAs in stem cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known ncRNAs in diverse stem cell populations.
  • To focus on the roles and mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in stem cells.
  • To present current understanding and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Focus on ncRNAs, specifically lncRNAs.
  • Discussion of stem cell types including embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, adult, and cancer stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Multiple ncRNAs, especially lncRNAs, play critical regulatory roles in various stem cells.
  • Specific examples and functional mechanisms of lncRNAs in stem cells are discussed.
  • The review consolidates current knowledge on ncRNAs in stem cell biology.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are indispensable regulators in stem cell biology.
  • lncRNAs represent a key area of investigation for understanding stem cell function and potential therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into ncRNA mechanisms in stem cells is warranted.