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Effects of Fast Simple Numerical Calculation Training on Neural Systems
Hikaru Takeuchi1, Tomomi Nagase2, Yasuyuki Taki3
1Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
Neural Plasticity
|February 17, 2016
Summary
Fast simple numerical calculation (FSNC) training enhances cognitive functions like processing speed and executive function in young adults. This cognitive training also induces brain plasticity, particularly in frontopolar areas, improving neural efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Cognitive training, specifically fast simple numerical calculation (FSNC), improves cognitive functions in the elderly.
- The impact of FSNC training on cognitive functions and neural mechanisms in young adults is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of intensive 1-week FSNC training on cognitive function, regional gray matter volume (rGMV), and resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy young adults.
- To explore the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive improvements following FSNC training.
Main Methods:
- Healthy young adults underwent a 1-week intensive fast simple numerical calculation (FSNC) training program.
- Cognitive functions, regional gray matter volume (rGMV), and resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were assessed before and after training.
- Neuroimaging techniques were used to analyze changes in brain structure and function.
Main Results:
- FSNC training led to significant improvements in processing speed, speeded executive functioning, and both simple and complex arithmetic tasks.
- Training was associated with a reduction in rGMV and an increase in resting rCBF in frontopolar brain regions.
- A widespread, though weak, increase in resting rCBF was observed in a posterior brain region.
Conclusions:
- Intensive FSNC training can enhance cognitive performance in processing speed and executive functions in young adults.
- FSNC training induces neuroplasticity, evidenced by changes in brain structure (rGMV) and perfusion (rCBF).
- Alterations in frontopolar neural systems appear to be the primary mechanism driving these cognitive enhancements.
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