Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

34
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
34
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.1K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.1K
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

19
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
19
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1.6K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.6K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.5K
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

4.2K
The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety: a model for safety pharmacology.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2010
Same author

Correlation between drugs of abuse and alcohol by hair analysis: parents at risk for having children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)·2010
Same author

Electrophysiological studies of transgenic long QT type 1 and type 2 rabbits reveal genotype-specific differences in ventricular refractoriness and His conduction.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2010
Same author

Comparison of the novel HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cell line with the standard LLC-PK1 cell line in studying drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology·2010
Same author

Severe extrapiramidal symptoms after nonintentional risperidone exposure in a child: case report and review of the literature.

American journal of therapeutics·2010
Same author

Pediatric cancer rates after universal folic acid flour fortification in Ontario.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
09:11

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Published on: August 23, 2016

21.6K

Hepatitis A infection during pregnancy.

Shahnaz A Chaudhry, Gideon Koren

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 17, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pregnant travelers can prevent hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection by practicing good hygiene and getting vaccinated. While HAV infection during pregnancy is generally favorable, it may increase the risk of preterm labor in later trimesters.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common water-borne pathogen, particularly prevalent in Southeast Asia.
    • HAV is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, posing a risk to travelers.
    • Understanding HAV risks during pregnancy is crucial for patient counseling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline precautions for pregnant patients traveling to HAV-endemic areas.
    • To assess the risk of HAV infection during pregnancy.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of HAV transmission routes and risk factors.
    • Analysis of HAV infection outcomes in pregnant individuals.
    • Evaluation of preventive measures, including hygiene and vaccination.

    More Related Videos

    A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
    10:28

    A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

    Published on: June 26, 2020

    10.4K
    Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    05:22

    Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    337

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

    Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons
    09:11

    Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

    Published on: August 23, 2016

    21.6K
    A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
    10:28

    A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

    Published on: June 26, 2020

    10.4K
    Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    05:22

    Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    337

    Main Results:

    • Hygienic practices such as hand washing, using safe water, and avoiding contaminated food/water significantly reduce HAV transmission risk.
    • Hepatitis A vaccination is a recommended pre-travel precaution.
    • HAV infection during pregnancy generally has a favorable outcome.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnant women traveling to endemic regions should adhere to strict hygiene protocols and consider HAV vaccination.
    • While generally safe, HAV infection in the second or third trimester is linked to an increased risk of preterm labor.