Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
Published on: February 20, 2019
Sex and HIV serostatus differences in decision making under risk among substance-dependent individuals
Eileen Martin1, Raul Gonzalez2, Jasmin Vassileva3
1a Department of Psychiatry , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.
Abstract:
HIV+ individuals with and without substance use disorders make significantly poorer decisions when information about the probability and magnitude of wins and losses is not available. We administered the Game of Dice Task, a measure of decision making under risk that provides this information explicitly, to 92 HIV+ and 134 HIV- substance-dependent men and women. HIV+ participants made significantly poorer decisions than HIV- participants, but this deficit appeared more prominent among HIV+ women. These data indicate that decision making under risk is impaired among HIV+ substance-dependent individuals (SDIs). Potential factors for the HIV+ women's relatively greater impairment are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Drug Dependence
Sex Linked Disorders
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

