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[Smoking and diabetes mellitus].

E Christiansen, S Madsbad

    Ugeskrift for Laeger
    |November 13, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Smokers with diabetes have lower prevalence but face increased cardiovascular risks, similar to non-diabetics. Advising diabetic patients against smoking is beneficial for managing diabetes and its complications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with significant cardiovascular complications.
    • Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but its specific impact on diabetic patients requires detailed examination.
    • Understanding the interplay between smoking, metabolic changes, and diabetes-related comorbidities is crucial for patient management.

    Purpose:

    • To review the existing literature on the relationship between smoking and diabetes mellitus.
    • To evaluate smoking as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and peripheral arteriosclerotic vascular disease in diabetic individuals.
    • To assess the impact of smoking on hormonal, metabolic, and glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

    Summary:

    • While smokers show lower prevalence among diabetic patients, smoking remains a significant cardiovascular risk factor, comparable to non-diabetics.
    • Smoking induces hormonal changes, such as catecholamine secretion, potentially affecting insulin absorption and increasing insulin requirements in some diabetic patients.
    • Evidence suggests smokers with type 1 diabetes experience higher rates of nephropathy and retinopathy and may have aggravated osteoporosis.

    Impact:

    • The findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation for diabetic patients to mitigate risks of cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and osteoporosis.
    • This review provides a basis for healthcare providers to counsel diabetic patients on the multifaceted risks associated with smoking.
    • Further research may be needed to fully quantify smoking's role in peripheral arteriosclerotic vascular disease development in diabetic populations.

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