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Regulators in the DNA damage response.

Yunhua Liu1, Yujing Li1, Xiongbin Lu1

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Maintaining genome integrity is crucial. The DNA damage response (DDR) network coordinates cell functions to repair DNA or trigger cell death, involving various regulators and emerging epigenetic factors.

Keywords:
DNA damage responseLong noncoding RNANoncoding RNAPosttranslational modificationmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genome integrity is vital for cellular and organismal function.
  • Mammalian cells possess a complex DNA damage response (DDR) network to handle DNA damage.
  • The DDR network involves sensing damage, cell cycle arrest, metabolic modulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional interactions between regulators and their targets within the DNA damage response (DDR).
  • To highlight the role of diverse regulators, including protein modifying enzymes and epigenetic factors, in modulating DDR pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the roles of various regulators (kinases, phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, etc.) in DDR.
  • Focus on emerging epigenetic regulators like microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in DDR.

Main Results:

  • The DDR is a coordinated network essential for genome stability under stress.
  • Canonical DDR signaling proteins are modulated by various regulators.
  • Epigenetic regulators, including noncoding RNAs, play a significant role in DDR modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex network regulated by a multitude of factors.
  • Understanding these regulatory interactions is key to comprehending genome stability maintenance.
  • Epigenetic regulators are increasingly recognized as critical components of the DDR pathway.