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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

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Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Fructose malabsorption.

Karolin Ebert1,2,3, Heiko Witt4,5,6

  • 1Pädiatrische Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar (MRI), Technische Universität München (TUM), Gregor-MendelStr. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany. karolin.saum@tum.de.

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fructose malabsorption causes digestive issues. Glucose may alleviate symptoms, suggesting a potential therapeutic role, though the exact mechanism requires further investigation.

Keywords:
Fructose malabsorptionGLUTsGlucose transportersHydrogen breath test

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Incomplete intestinal absorption of fructose can cause abdominal discomfort, including pain, flatulence, and diarrhea.
  • The role of specific fructose transporters, like GLUT5 and GLUT2, in fructose malabsorption pathogenesis remains under investigation.
  • The hydrogen breath test, measuring colonic bacterial hydrogen production, is a diagnostic tool for fructose malabsorption, but optimal fructose dosage is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the hydrogen breath test for fructose malabsorption.
  • To explore the potential role of glucose in mitigating symptoms associated with fructose malabsorption.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the hydrogen breath test to assess fructose absorption.
  • Administered fructose alone and in combination with glucose to subjects.
  • Monitored breath hydrogen levels and abdominal symptoms post-administration.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with fructose malabsorption exhibited elevated breath hydrogen levels and experienced abdominal symptoms after fructose intake.
  • Co-administration of glucose with fructose significantly reduced or eliminated reported symptoms in subjects with fructose malabsorption.
  • Increased breath hydrogen levels correlated with fructose malabsorption.

Conclusions:

  • The hydrogen breath test is a viable diagnostic method for fructose malabsorption.
  • Glucose appears to have a beneficial effect on alleviating symptoms in fructose malabsorption, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.
  • The underlying mechanism for glucose's beneficial effect warrants further research for clinical application.