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Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors Are Associated With Noncompletion of Pediatric Preventive Services

Margaret N Jones1, Courtney M Brown2, Michael J Widener3

  • 1University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA neidhamt@mail.uc.edu.

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
|February 18, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Socioeconomic factors like high poverty and low vehicle ownership in a neighborhood are linked to missed infant preventive services. Targeted interventions are needed to improve healthcare access for vulnerable populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Preventive healthcare services are crucial for infant development and well-being.
  • Disparities in healthcare access and utilization exist based on socioeconomic factors.
  • Understanding the impact of area-based socioeconomic measures on service completion is vital for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between area-based socioeconomic measures and the noncompletion of common preventive services in infants.
  • To identify specific socioeconomic indicators that predict missed well-child visits and immunizations.
  • To map spatial patterns of service noncompletion in relation to neighborhood characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 4872 infants born between 2011-2012 was analyzed across three primary care centers.
  • Infant addresses were geocoded and linked to census tract data on poverty, educational attainment, and vehicle ownership.
  • Statistical analysis, including adjusted odds ratios, was used to assess the relationship between socioeconomic measures and service noncompletion.

Main Results:

  • Infants residing in census tracts with the highest poverty rates showed increased odds of noncompletion of preventive services (aOR 1.25).
  • Infants in tracts with the lowest household vehicle ownership also had significantly higher odds of service noncompletion (aOR 1.32).
  • Significant spatial clusters of low preventive service completion were identified in Cincinnati's urban core.

Conclusions:

  • Area-based socioeconomic status, particularly high poverty and low vehicle access, is significantly associated with missed infant preventive services.
  • These findings highlight the need for tailored strategies to address socioeconomic barriers in healthcare delivery.
  • Geographic disparities in service completion underscore the importance of community-level interventions to improve child health outcomes.

Keywords:
disparitiesgeographic locationpediatricspreventionprimary caresocioeconomic

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