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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Art and Plastic Surgery.

Julio Wilson Fernandes1, Susanne Metka2,3

  • 1Plastic Surgery Division, Universidade Positivo Medical School, FBCS, FBSPS, AMISAPS, Av. Getulio Vargas 2079, Curitiba, PR, 80250-180, Brazil. cirurgiaplasticajwf@uol.com.br.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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Summary

Art and plastic surgery share ancient roots, with artistic skills aiding surgeons in procedures like rhinoplasty and cleft lip repair. Understanding form and aesthetics enhances reconstructive outcomes.

Keywords:
AestheticsPlastic surgeryPlastic surgery historySurgery art

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Area of Science:

  • Explores the intersection of art and plastic surgery, highlighting historical connections.

Background:

  • Anatomy, drawing, painting, and sculpting have historically influenced medical and surgical development.
  • Artistic skills, including perception of shape, volume, and lines, are valuable for plastic surgeons.

Discussion:

  • Reviews the interplay between artistic principles and plastic surgery techniques.
  • Examines practical applications in reconstructive procedures such as rhinoplasty and cleft lip repair.

Key Insights:

  • Artistic proficiency directly benefits plastic surgeons in their daily practice.
  • Aesthetic understanding is crucial for successful reconstructive surgery outcomes.

Outlook:

  • Suggests continued integration of art and science in plastic surgery education and practice.
  • Foresees advancements in reconstructive techniques informed by artistic principles.