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Spontaneous Cholelithiasis in a Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

Mia T Lieberman1, Lynn M Wachtman2, Robert P Marini2

  • 1Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. mtrl01@mit.edu.

Comparative Medicine
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study reports the first case of gallstones (cholelithiasis) in a squirrel monkey. The condition caused severe gallbladder and liver disease, likely due to bacterial infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Primate Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Squirrel monkeys are common research models.
  • Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are rare in non-human primates.
  • Biliary tract disease can cause significant health issues.

Observation:

  • A mature female squirrel monkey presented with progressive weight loss.
  • Clinical signs included elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, bile salts, and hypoalbuminemia.
  • Abdominal ultrasound revealed gallbladder debris consistent with gallstones.

Findings:

  • Necropsy confirmed severe gallbladder and bile duct distension with over 50 black gallstones.
  • Bacterial cultures identified Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. in the gallbladder, bile, and stones.

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  • Histopathology showed severe chronic-active cholecystitis and hepatic degeneration with cholestasis.

    • Implications:

    • This is the first documented case of spontaneous cholelithiasis in a squirrel monkey.
    • Bacterial infection may play a role in the formation of brown-pigment gallstones in this species.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering biliary disease in the differential diagnosis for weight loss and liver abnormalities in squirrel monkeys.