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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Face perception and learning in autism spectrum disorders.

Sara Jane Webb1,2, Emily Neuhaus2, Susan Faja3,4

  • 1a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.

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Early face processing delays in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impact social communication and learning across the lifespan. Addressing these deficits may improve social understanding for individuals with ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersFace attentionFace learningFace processingReview

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined by social communication impairments and restricted interests.
  • Face processing and learning are often disrupted in ASD across developmental stages, varying by age and functioning.
  • These disruptions can impact social development and learning throughout an individual's life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review face attention, perception, and learning in individuals with ASD across three age ranges: early development, middle childhood, and adolescence/adulthood.
  • To propose how early face processing delays contribute to atypical social communicative skills in ASD.
  • To highlight the lifelong necessity of face learning and the potential impact of targeted treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on face processing and learning in individuals with ASD.
  • Analysis of studies across early development, middle childhood, and adolescence/adulthood.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose a developmental trajectory of social learning deficits.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with ASD exhibit disruptions in face attention, perception, and learning.
  • Early delays in basic face processing appear to underlie atypical social communicative skill development.
  • These deficits contribute to social learning challenges throughout the lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • Early face processing impairments are a significant factor in the social communication and learning difficulties observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of face processing in ASD is crucial for intervention.
  • Targeted treatments addressing face processing deficits may enhance social understanding and improve quality of life for individuals with ASD.