Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

978
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
978
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.9K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.9K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

946
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
946
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

908
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
908
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.9K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.9K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.2K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Publication integrity and industry influences on the editorial process: a case study.

Research integrity and peer review·2026
Same author

Obstetric and anesthetic management of parturients with intracranial neurovascular abnormalities.

Journal of anesthesia·2025
Same author

Prioritization of outcome measures in regional anesthesia research.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2025
Same author

Novel Use of Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring During Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Soft-Tissue Cryoablation: A Case Report.

A&A practice·2024
Same author

Cardiac Output Directly Influences Intracardiac Air After Venous Air Embolism: An Echocardiographic Model Comparing Position Change on Intracardiac Air Bubble Clearance.

Neurosurgery·2024
Same author

To the Brain and Beyond: Neurological Implications of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
08:16

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Published on: July 23, 2020

2.7K

Neuroanesthesiology Update.

Jeffrey J Pasternak1, William L Lanier

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.

Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers innovative research in neurosurgery and critical neurological care, highlighting key findings in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and anesthetic neurotoxicity.

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

6.0K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
03:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics
08:16

Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

Published on: July 23, 2020

2.7K
Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

6.0K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
03:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Neuroscience research is rapidly evolving, impacting patient care.
  • Understanding novel findings is crucial for neurosurgical and critically ill neurological patients.
  • Key areas include general neurosurgery, spine surgery, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize innovative research and recurring themes in neurosurgery.
  • To present novel experimental findings relevant to neurological critical care.
  • To provide a synopsis of advancements across various neurosurgical subspecialties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research.
  • Identification of recurring themes and novel findings.
  • Synopsis of experimental data and clinical observations.

Main Results:

  • Summarized advancements in general neurosurgery and spine surgery.
  • Detailed findings on stroke and traumatic brain injury management.
  • Overview of anesthetic neurotoxicity and perioperative cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative research continues to advance neurosurgical and neurological critical care.
  • Key findings offer insights into stroke, TBI, and anesthetic effects.
  • Ongoing research is vital for improving patient outcomes in complex neurological conditions.