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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Comprehensive Map of Molecules Implicated in Obesity.

Jaisri Jagannadham1, Hitesh Kumar Jaiswal1, Stuti Agrawal1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida [UP]-201 307, India.

Plos One
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Obesity, a global health issue, involves complex molecular interactions. This study maps these molecules, revealing new links and drug targets for obesity therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Obesity is a global epidemic impacting over 1.5 billion individuals.
  • It is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
  • Understanding the molecular underpinnings of obesity is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a comprehensive molecular interaction network for obesity.
  • To identify novel molecular players and therapeutic targets implicated in obesity.
  • To explore the network-level mechanisms of drug action for obesity treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Deep curation of scientific literature and a semi-automated text mining system were employed.
  • 1,000 full-length articles and over 90,000 abstracts relevant to obesity were screened.
  • A scale-free network of molecular interactions was constructed and analyzed.
  • An automated protein-drug docking pipeline was developed to assess therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • A scale-free network comprising 804 nodes and 971 edges was generated, including proteins, genes, and molecules.
  • The network was classified into 5 modules, revealing new connections, such as the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene with insulin and leptin.
  • Automated docking identified significant drug-target interactions within the obesity network.
  • Drug efficacy appears to stem from binding to multiple network molecules, distinct from other human proteome interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed molecular network map of obesity.
  • Novel insights into the FTO gene's role and potential therapeutic strategies were uncovered.
  • Drug binding to multiple targets within the obesity network is proposed as a mechanism for therapeutic effect.