SURGERY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN NEWBORNS

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Surgery
• Neonatal Care
• Public Health Systems

Background:

• Birth defects are a leading cause of infant mortality, necessitating improvements in neonatal surgical care.
• Neonatal surgical conditions pose significant challenges to healthcare systems globally.
• Yakutsk's Children's Surgery Department data from 1995-2014 provides insight into neonatal mortality causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the primary causes of neonatal mortality in surgical cases.
• To identify organizational factors contributing to preventable deaths.
• To evaluate the impact of implemented organizational changes on mortality rates.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of neonatal mortality data from 1995 to 2014.
• Identification of conditionally preventable causes of death in neonates with surgical pathology.
• Evaluation of organizational interventions implemented between 2005 and 2014.

Main Results:

• Seventy-seven percent of neonatal deaths in surgical cases were found to be conditionally preventable.
• Implementation of organizational improvements led to a 3.5-fold reduction in infant mortality from surgical conditions.
• Key interventions included antenatal diagnosis, prenatal consultation, streamlined transportation, centralized care, and minimally invasive surgery.

Conclusions:

• Organizational improvements are critical for reducing neonatal mortality in surgical cases.
• A regional model incorporating antenatal diagnosis, centralized care, and advanced surgical techniques can significantly enhance outcomes.
• Addressing preventable causes through systemic changes is essential for advancing neonatal surgical care.