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Exercise training improves vascular function in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

Louise H Naylor1, Elizabeth A Davis2, Rachelle J Kalic3

  • 1School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia Louise.Naylor@uwa.edu.au.

Physiological Reports
|February 19, 2016
PubMed
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Exercise training significantly improved vascular health in adolescents with type 2 diabetes, enhancing both microvascular and macrovascular function. These benefits were lost after the exercise program concluded, highlighting the need for sustained physical activity.

Keywords:
Diabetesexercise trainingvascular endothelium

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes in adolescents is a growing concern with potential long-term vascular complications.
  • The impact of exercise on vascular health in this specific population remains understudied.
  • Adolescents with type 2 diabetes may experience impaired microvascular and macrovascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a 12-week supervised exercise program on vascular health in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
  • To assess improvements in conduit artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) and microvascular function.
  • To evaluate secondary outcomes including body composition, glycemic control, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 13 adolescents (13-21 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
  • Intervention group (n=8) received 12 weeks of supervised, personalized gym-based exercise.
  • Control group (n=5) received standard clinical care.
  • Vascular function (FMD, cutaneous laser Doppler), body composition (DXA), insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2peak), and muscular strength (1RM) were assessed at baseline, week 12, and week 24 (for the exercise group).

Main Results:

  • Exercise training significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (P < 0.05) and microvascular function (P < 0.05).
  • Significant increases were observed in total lean mass (P < 0.05) and muscle strength (P < 0.001).
  • The control group showed increases in body weight, BMI, and fat mass; vascular function improvements in the exercise group were reversed by week 24.

Conclusions:

  • Supervised exercise training effectively enhances both conduit and microvascular endothelial function in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
  • Improvements in vascular health occurred independently of changes in insulin sensitivity.
  • The findings underscore the importance of consistent exercise for maintaining vascular health in this population, with benefits diminishing upon cessation of training.