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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
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Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Relapsing polychondritis complicated by cognitive dysfunction: two distinct clinical phenotypes?

R J B Ellis1, G K Mbizvo1, A Jacob1

  • 1a Neurology Department , The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery , Liverpool , UK.

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|February 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) can cause cognitive dysfunction through two distinct patterns. One involves rapid decline mimicking CNS vasculitis, while the other presents as slow, subtle cognitive changes.

Keywords:
CNS histopathologyCNS vasculitisrelapsing polychondritisreversible dementia

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High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare immune-mediated disease.
  • Neurological complications in RPC are uncommon and often attributed to vasculitis, though rarely confirmed.

Observation:

  • Two cases of RPC with cognitive dysfunction are presented.
  • These cases exhibit contrasting clinical presentations and trajectories.

Findings:

  • Two distinct phenotypes of cognitive dysfunction in RPC are identified.
  • A fulminant type presents with multisystem involvement and sub-acute cognitive decline, potentially due to CNS vasculitis with histopathological evidence.
  • An insidious type involves gradual cognitive decline without systemic symptoms.

Implications:

  • These findings suggest distinct pathophysiological mechanisms for cognitive impairment in RPC.
  • Recognizing these phenotypes may aid in earlier diagnosis and management of neurological involvement in RPC.