Idiopathic epistaxis and meteorological factors: case-control study

Area of Science:

• Environmental Medicine
• Otolaryngology
• Climatology

Background:

• Idiopathic epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can be influenced by environmental factors.
• Understanding potential triggers is crucial for managing recurrent nosebleeds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between idiopathic epistaxis and daily meteorological variables (air pressure, temperature, humidity).
• To assess the utility of biometeorological forecasts for individuals with a history of epistaxis.

Main Methods:

• A 3-year analysis of idiopathic epistaxis events in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• Comparison of meteorological data (temperature, air pressure, humidity) on epistaxis days versus non-epistaxis days.
• Inclusion criteria required patients to be in the study area for at least 24 hours prior to epistaxis.

Main Results:

• Epistaxis events showed a seasonal variation, with the highest incidence in March and the lowest in August.
• No statistically significant differences were found in meteorological factors between days with and without epistaxis.
• Daily temperature range, humidity, and atmospheric pressure variations did not correlate with nosebleed occurrences.

Conclusions:

• A seasonal pattern of idiopathic epistaxis exists in Mediterranean climates, particularly during spring transition months.
• No specific meteorological factors were identified as direct triggers for epistaxis.
• Biometeorological forecasts are not recommended for individuals prone to recurrent nosebleeds based on these findings.